Nonaqueous rechargeable lithium-air battery has so high specific capacity and specific energy that it is being widely researched by academia, corporation, and different research institutes. When used in dried air and absorbing oxygen form the air, this battery is called lithium-air battery, and its specific capacity based on cathode active material (oxygen) is infinite. However, its cycle performance is very limited as reported by the state-of-the-art researches. This cycle problem is mainly caused by instability of electrolyte. Based on electroanalysis of materials’ electrochemical property, a stable electrolyte solvent (sulfolane) and a lithium salt LiBF4 are selected as electrolytes in this work. Coupled with other eligible battery materials and careful assembly, the lithium-air battery exhibits favorable cycle performance. Above all, this lithium-air system is evaluated objectively in this paper. 相似文献
A unique structured hollow carbon nanofiber–sulfur composite material (HCF–S) was fabricated and characterized in lithium-sulfur batteries. It is found that a part of spherical sulfur particles are located in the voids formed by the intertwined fibers and the others are confined in hollow channel of the HCF. The high conductive and porous HCF favors the construction of stable three-dimensional conducting network and convenient infiltration of the electrolytes into the cathode. The HCF–S cathode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in the electrolyte with LiNO3. By contrast, the ionic liquid electrolyte provides insufficient shuttle suppression and weakens ion transport, which leads to poor cycle and rate capability. 相似文献
A selective and validated stability-indicating LC method was developed for the kinetic study of the degradation of PAC-1, which was carried out in aqueous solutions at 37, 60, 80 and 100 °C with pH 1.5–9.0. Separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column with acetonitrile–water–fomic acid (30:70:0.1, v/v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 at 281 nm. The degradation rate obtained indicated a first-order reaction law and the activation energy (Ea) was calculated. The results showed that temperature and pH values were significant factors affecting the degradation of PAC-1. An unknown degradation product in alkaline condition was isolated using a reverse-phase semi-preparative LC system. The structure of the degradation product is identified as 2-hydroxy-3-(2-propenyl)-[[2-hydroxy-3-(2-propenyl)phenyl]methylene]hydrazone utilizing the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and Q-TOF-MS techniques.
This communication reports on a novel amperometric hydrazine sensor of CuO nanoarray based on a Cu substrate. Copper oxide nanoarray was directly grown on Cu substrates using a one-step facile hydrothermal method and was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The electrochemical study has shown that the CuO nanoarray exhibits higher catalytic effect on the hydrazine than the normal CuO nanoparticles. This may be attributed to the special structure of the nanomaterials esp. the substrate of the electric Cu. And the amperometric response showed that the CuO nanoarray modified glassy carbon electrode has a low detection and a high sensitivity for hydrazine. 相似文献
In this paper, we consider a generalized system in the framework of the formulation proposed by Blum and Oettli. The concepts
of feasibility and strict feasibility are introduced for a generalized system and a feasibility-solvability theorem is obtained.
This work was supported by the Foundation for Young Teacher in Sichuan University (07069), the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (10826064, 10671135) and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20060610005).
The authors thank Professor L.D. Muu (Hanoi) and the referee for valuable comments and suggestions which lead to improvements
of this paper. 相似文献
The dissociation of [CuII(L)His]•2+ complexes [L=diethylenetriamine (dien) or 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (9-aneN3)] bears a strong resemblance to the previously reported behavior of [CuII(L)GGH]•2+ complexes. We have used low-energy collision-induced dissociation experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations
at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level to study the macrocyclic effect of the auxiliary ligands on the formation of His•+ from prototypical [CuII(L)His]•2+ systems. DFT revealed that the relative energy barriers of the same electron-transfer (ET) dissociation pathways of [CuII(9-aneN3)His]•2+ and [CuII(dien)His]•2+ are very similar, with the ET reactions of [CuII(9-aneN3)His]•2+ leading to the generation of two distinct His•+ species; in contrast, the proton transfer (PT) dissociation pathways of [CuII(9-aneN3)His]•2+ and [CuII(dien)His]•2+ differ considerably. The PT reactions of [CuII(9-aneN3)His]•2+ are associated with substantially higher barriers (>13 kcal/mol) than those of [CuII(dien)His]•2+. Thus, the sterically encumbered auxiliary 9-aneN3 ligand facilitates ET reactions while moderating PT reactions, allowing the formation of hitherto nonobservable histidine
radical cations. 相似文献